THE DUNDEE COURIER, Wednesday, Atjust 8, L849. Novel Suspension Bridge over the Deb. The means T.nOT. IT r. But coming to Scotland and to the share which matter of a call, they will surely look with high displeasure EMBARKATION OF THE QUEEN' FOR IRELAND.
Her Majesty, Prince Albert, and suite, left the Marine Palace at Osborne about three o'clock on Wednesday afternoon, and proceeded to the beach at Osborne, whence the royal party embarked on board the royal yacht Victoria and Albert. Captain Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence, G.C.H. and the different members of the Court and household, the servants, attendants, having also embarked, the Victoria and Albert, with the royal standard at the main, proceeded, under a salute from Cowes Castle, en route to Cork, Dublin, Helfast, aDd Oreenock. With the Victoria nd Albert were the following steam vessels, under the command of Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence the Stromboli, 6 steam sloop, Commander Lord A. W.
the Sphinx. steam sloop. Commander Hewlett the Black Eagle, Admiralty steam vacht. Master Com were ready to acknowledge his spiritual authority. Now, if a document appearing to emanate from the Popular Club at Rome, and which has found its way into the Evangelical Christendom, can be looked on as authentic and we see no reason to doubt its authenticity the Romans are alike ready to throw off both the temporal and spiritual authority of the Sovereign Pontiff.
The document itself is a most remarkable one, unequivocally proclaiming in strong language many of the errors of Popery, and maintaining some of the most important truths of the Reformation. Possibly we may find room for it next week. In one part it is said And here let us speak plainly since concealment avails not. We hold the religion of Christ dear because we believe it to be Arrest of" A young man numed Joseph O'Grady, son o'a maton, who formerly resided in this town, and who had been in custody under his Excellency's warrant for six was cornmitlc-d to his former pri-on here on Friday, having been arrested on the IGth July in the neighbourhood of Carnck-oii-Suir, under circ*mstances which leave no doubt on the minds of the authorities as to Lis being engaged in the organization of secret societies. A copy of rules for management," an adiires to the men of Tipperary to fly to several letters, lits of persons, town lands, and other documents, were found in Lis possession, which will lead to further discoveries, and inculpate' parties who are mixed up in this ridiculous and illegal confederacy Clonmel Chronicle.
Mrs Rutterfield, of Hitchen, has just presented hr husband with their twenty-fourth child, about a month after the twenty-third anniversary of their wedding day uun don the Lord companied by the Lady Mayoress, passed through y.srerday on their way to Glenogle; and during theVrsht? sojourn, honoured our respected linear .1 their company at The Vine." "mean, mnh C'iioleha. Since our last renort i in Dundee has been as 8Ute ot cho' Cases. 40 -HI 2t -'4 -J I 2ai -r77 Wtdne-itlay, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sabbath, Tuesday, I Ml 17 Iff la Previously reported, am At the present moment, wc are informed, fil "ses remain under treatment. Krnm th in for some days back, and the diminution in the death wo would t'nin hnne that thi 0nfil VCS- wiu JIUIIUM'P past its worst in Dundee. j-, iiui juur ge i now PAnnriii.tr.
ItrtAitn Vi.f,.rJ Dundee Parochial Board was held in the Tow it Janus Edward, in the chair. Mr Kdward i to accept of the othce ot chairman tor another ycar I) of Guild t'urr was unanimously elected. Ilv a st I uctnnirii; year, l)caa Itv a from the Collector, it appeared that L.jr.K erT current year's assessment had been collected. A rep the Committee of Management was read, from whkhit a peared that the number of paupers presently on the roIlT 1090, being 17 more than at 1st February. There is al an increase in the number of children, there beir at present 230 on the roll, or 10 more than at 1st Februarv The pauper lunatics are at present 7, bein bail than the above date.
The report then mentioned that the pense incurred in keeping up the lodging house, including Matron's salary, interest on outlay, ft, amounted L.124 4s 7d tor tho bygone half-year, or a Jut week for each inmate. It was also stated that the inmate are much comfortable than by the former method of boarding them in private houses. made to the various actions in which the Board were latel engaged, and it was stated that the Parish i now for the first time for many years past, almost, if not alto-ether out of the Court of Session." The report concluded with an allusion to the late meeting of the deputations of the various Parochial Boards in Edinburgh, with the view consulting as to the cause of the increase of paurHrism in Scotland; and from ihe inquiries of the committee which had been appointed, good might be The report was unanimously approved of. Jack, the Inspecto? read an abstract ot the expenditure tor the half-year 1st February to 31st July, 1049, being L.48 "dj about one-half the assessment for the year. Thet'l' then read a second report by the Committee of ManaJe nient, being in reference to the appearance of cholera, and to the steps taken by the Committee to avert its progress A statement was also made as to the causes ot the unfor' tunate misunderstanding between the Committee and thei" Medical Oificer.
As matters are now on a proper tooting we consider it unnecessary to give the report or discussioo at any length. Wc may merely mention that the state, ment defended all the actings of the Committee, and infer entially blamed the medical gentlemen, adducing as an evidence against them a letter of their own, in which they requested, as remuneration for their past services, a sura exceeding by a few pounds the amount of their ruidered accounts. On a motion being made for an approval of the report, objections were started to it as being one-sided by John Waion, John Irvine, c. and the report was defended as a mere statement of tacuC by IJailij Anderson, Frovost Thorns, Messrs Janus Ktrw nedy, Peter Uean, and others. Ultimately, the repn sa approved of O'Farrell, Irvine, Loogan, and Middlcton entering their dissent against its approval.
After a few eulogistic remarks in reference to the conduct of Dr Sutherland from the Provost, O'Farrell, and others the thanks of the Board were unanimously awarded to thai gentleman. A vote of thanks was also given to the retiring chairman, Mr Edward, after which the meeting scps. rated. A cc IRE nts. On Saturday afternoon a boy, Jnhr Ramsay, eight years old, fell into Victoria Dock and on Sunday evening, Hugh Melon, a boy about six years old, fell into King William's Dock but fortunately both were r.scued by the Harbour Police Officers without any lanhur injury than a wetting and a fright.
Cattle Market. There were rather more than the usual number of fat cattle ac our market on onday. Tho demand was pretty brisk, and all changed hands at from 7s to Ts Od per Dutch stone, sinking ihe offal. Tho how of sheep was much about the same as on last Monday. Sales were brisk at rather high pries.
There were two lot of excellent black-faced wedders, one of which was disponed of to 31r Burns, flesher, Murraygate, and the other to Mr Watson, flesher. Union Street, ac from i'3 is to "1 18s a-pair ot rather more than Od per pound. Cross-bred hogc readily changed hands at from 5Ad to (id per lb. A lot of good fat pigs fetched about 4s per imperial stone. IIakiiouii Thustees.
A statutory meeting of the Harbour Board was held on Monday, Provost Thorns in the chair. The Engineer's Report of the operations during last month at the Harbour was read and laid on the table The Superintendent of Police reported that the number of cases brought fore the Harbour Police Court from 1st to 31st July last, both days inclusive, were theft, assault, 2 disorderly and breach of the peace, 1 breach of Harbour regulations, 13; involving Hi males and one female (I persons were fined, 4 imprisoned for periods amounting in all to 145 days, 4 remitted to the Procurator Fiscal, and against one the charge was not proven. Amount of lines imposed, Jti 4s 8d; not recovered, 15s; paid to Treasurer, 'is Gd. A letter from the auditor regarding the state of the Harbour finances was laid before the meeting, and at the same time a copy of his Report was handed to each of the Trustees present. On the suggestion of Mr P.
Heon it was agreed to deter the consideration of these documents until next meeting, in order to give each Trustee full time to inspect them before deciding upon them, and what would be necessary to levy as dues for the support of the Harbour for the ensuing year. Mr called the attention of the Hoard to the rate of interest paid by the Trust. In his opinion 5 per cent, was too high in the present state of the money market, taking into consideration the safety of the investment. He would not propose to reduce the rate from 5 to 4 per but they might think if it would not be proper to reduce the rate to such of their creditors as they were not actually bound from to 4'. per cent, after Martinmas next.
Were the Board to agree to this suggestion it would greatly facilitate the making up of a financial statement for the next year. The Provost agreed with Mr Midi's views, and moved that from and after the term of Martinmas next the rate of interest upon the monies borrowed by the Trustees be reduced to 4. per cent, on all sums not guaranteed above that rate, and that it be rem tted to the Finance Com. mittee to give the necessary intimation to the parties concerned. Minutes of a meeting of the Committee on stag nant pools, containing a letter from Mr Core, of the Woods and Forests, as to the hilling of them up, and a recommendation of the Committee that every facility should bo given for accomplishing the same, were read.
After some conversation, the minute was unanimously approved ot Mr Hunter postponed the consideration of the motion of vhich he had given notice regarding the made-up ground at the lock of Victoria Dock, until next meeting. The Board then adjourned for a fortnight. Water. We understand that the demands for supplies of water have of late greatly increased and at a time like the present, when there is so much need of purification and cleanliness, we have no doubt that landlords will readily come forward and agree to take in the water into their properties if the tenants show that they appreciate the immense benefits resulting from a plentiful command of water fur health and domestic comfort. Another great public bent lit conferred upon the town is the command of water which is available for extinguishing fires.
Lately a large mill property in Scouringburn district would have been burned to the ground, had not the owner been provided with tire, plugs and by bringing the water to bear upon the flames, they were immediately extinguished, and a great loss of property saved, and the owner was enabled to continue hit operations, which would otherwise have been stopped at a great sacrifice at the present time. St Andrew's School. The annual examination of this school took place on Thursday last, in the presence of the Rev. Mr Logan, Bailie Smith, and others interested in the cause of education. During a long and searching examination the scholars, about 100, acquitted themselves to the admiration of all present- SmeiDE About eight o'clock on Monday night man, said to be a tailor, went down to the end of tbe est Protection Wall, and deliberately flung himself into the river and, although boats and grapnels were immediately got, the body has not as yet been found.
II is name, understand, is James Henry, belonging to Montrose. Royal I run mart-. Dt Pming has recetved froni mariner the sum of 2, in testimony of the attention paid him while a patient in the house. We observe that a monument has been erected in i Andrew's Churchyard, to the memory of the late Soutar and her brother, by their Trustees. i entirely composed of Peterhead granite, and is all polished exceptm the drapery of the urn, which is left plain for the PurP0Si: of giving more relief to it.
It is about 12 feet nigh 'bove the basem*nt, and on the south side is an appropriate anu suitable inscription. We understand it is from the granite works of 'Donald and U-slie, Aberdeen, executed under the superintendence of Mr Scot, i0 Architect, and it certainly does great credit to the good ta of all parties concerned. Preshyteuy or Dundee. A meeting oi in byteryof Dundee was held ou. Wednesday, Rs J0 Robertson, Moderator.
Thomson, Convener ot i tahle several vuiiiiniucc on eter nureu, fc r. wtt nn tnt documents iq reference to tile Ciiapeis oi bounds. Mackay, elder, from St Peter's district, ami 31 John Thomson, as agent, appeared to urge the WT tery to take the steps necessary for recovering mat cn" Mr John Thomson and several members of the ourt. heard on the subject, and the further consideration ot delayed until next meeting- Mr C'asar reported mat had fulfilled his appointment as visiter of the The thanks of the Court were given to him tor his taitmu discharge of the duty, and the Presbytery appointed i officiate for the next six months. Some routine dusi having been transacted, the Presbytery adjourntU mm Weduesday the 22d current.
Jrvc-D un dee, Perth, and Aberdeen Railway io n. Statement nt of traffic for week enuing 184U. Passengers, No. .834 5 74 'ioods, 430 14 Edinburgh and Northern RailwaV- Slate of traffic for week ending July "Ji, 18411. Number ot Passengers, 34,332.
Passengers, horses, and carriages, Goods, parcels, 1684 B07 18 by which this bridge is suspended are so completely hid from the public view, that the casual observer would be at a loss to know how it really was supported. It is one hundred and fifty feet between the bearings of points of suspension. the platform, which is seven feet wide, is supported on 12 round iron chain rods, in links of fifteen feet each, with very secure joints placed alternately, and running the whole length of the same. These chain rods are secured together by means of traversed flat bars placed at intervals of about six feet apart, upon which the timber platform rests, and is secured to the same by means of headed bolts and nuts running through the whole, and screwed firmly together underneath. The chains are made perfectly fast at one end to a huge stone pier, built in the embankment.
The centre of the pier at the other end of the bridge is formed into a large pit, and upon the top of which is secured a very strong turn barrel, around which the whole of the chains take one wind, and descend into the pit, and are secured to a strong cast iron plate suspended near the bottom, at a depth of thirty feet, upon which is built a heavy mass of masonry, forming a weight completely counterbalancing the whole, thereby providing for every degree of deflection, contraction, and expansion. It is also further secured by very strong back-stays at each end of the bridge, running a considerable distance inland at a great depth under ground, and firmly bolted to heavy blocks of hard oak, thereby having a resisting pressure of many hundred tons of earth work, independent of the massive stone piers upon which it rests. It is erected on the estate of Earl Howe, close to the magnificent Gros- venor Bridge, over the river Dee. The design and construction have been left solely to Messrs M'Koan, Perkes, of Liverpool, and they reflect great credit upon them in every respect, as it is a most unique design, and the first that has ever been constructed upon this principle. Judging from the low price at which it has been erected, we presume it will not be the last.
Liverpool Mercury. Extraordinary Phenomenon, with Loss of Life. One of the most singular catastrophes of which we have ever heard, occurred off the coast of Kincardineshire, on Tuesday afternoon. A largo herring boat, which had been engaged in conveying railway sleepers from Aberdeen to Stonehaven, had discharged her cargo at the latter port and was returning to Aberdeen, when she was caught in a sudden and violent whirlwind, which laid her on her beam ends instantaneously, amidst a boiling vortex of broken water. The crew were, of course, thrown out, hat they all succeeded in clinging to the capsized boat except one man who was observed to be floating about stiffly, and with a peculiar aud unnatural buoyancy.
Mr Thoia of the Mill of Muchals, with several fishermen, having witnessed the catastrophe, put off to the assistance of the crew, and succeeded in rescuing them, after severe and highly praiseworthy exertions. The coast guard were also promptly afloat and at the scene of the disaster. It was found that the man who had been observed floating about so strangely had been killed by a flash of lightning, which was observed, by parties on shore, to break over the boat at the very moment of the accident. We regret to learn that the deceased, Alexander Mavers, a seaman, about 50 years of age, leaves a widow and family in very destitute circ*mstances. Aberdeen Herald.
Great North of Scotland Railway. We are glad to learn that the probability of this important line of railway being speedily commenced grows every day stronger. For some time past, a number of engineers have been busily engaged in making a survey of the altered route of the line, by the pass of Sourden, and along the opening of the Glen of Rothes, past the mansion house of Auch.nroth. With the exception of the difficulties to be encountered at the crossings of the Spey and Dovern, the line would be exceedingly easy of construction, and, as the company would now be enabled to take advantage of all the recent improvements introduced, which more or less have a tendency to lessen the expenses of both making and working, there can be but little doubt that the line would be a highly profitable one while the benefits which its completion would confer upon all classes of the community, resident within the extensive and highly important districts of the country which it would traverse, would be incalculable, and we therefore hope to see its construction speedily commenced in good earnest. Banffshire Journal.
Wick, July 2G. The total number of boats fishing in this district is not yet ascertained, but judging them at 800, the entire average up to this date may be estimated at twenty crans, or 10,000, being double that of the same date last year. Should the weather settle down, and become such that the fishermen can confidently go to sea, there is everv reason to expect a considerable increase to the average ere our next publication, as there is no doubt of there being abundance of fish along the whole line of coast. The stations southwards to Helmsdale, had a promising commencement, much more so than on any previous season for a long course of years. In fact, the experience of the present and immediately preceding years amply testifies that the fishermen have too long allow ed an important part of the season to pas3 by without availing themselves of the early fish which have visited our coast and we trust that, in future, they will see to it that their preparations shall be so timeously made as to admit of their prosecuting the fishing by the middle of July at farthest, and that they will abandon all connection with dates, and catch the fish when they can get them.
John o'Groat Journal. Important to the Pcblic Sheriff Small Debt Court. On Thursday, a case was decided by Mr Sheriff Skene, involving a principle in law, of which the generality of the public are not aware. Sometime ago, a person named William Christie of rather a respectable exterior, and representing himself to be a manufacturer from the country-offered for sale a quantity of goods at the warehouse of Messrs Carati manufacturers, Glasgow, which the latter purchased but instead of paying the price in ready money, gave Christie an order upon their bankers for tho amount. It happened to be after bank hours upon a Saturday evening when the order was so granted.
Christie on the same evening, in company with another individual, called at the shop of Mr Boag, spirit merchant, Trongate, to whom they spoke about Messrs Carati's order, and requested Boag to discount it, because Christie stated that he depended npon its proceeds to enable him to pay his workmen, Mr Boag never saw Christie before, although he was slightly acquainted with his companion but being satisfied with the genuineness of Messrs Carati's signature, as well as with the respectability and credit of the firm, discounted their cheque naturally concluding that it was as good to him as money. Upon calling at the bank, however, on the following Monday, he found, to his surprise, that payment of the order had been stopped. Christie was subsequently appre hended and convicted of having stolen the goods which he had sold to Messrs Carati. The trial being over, the goods were restored to the proper owners, and Mr Boag received up the order or cheque, and brought an action in the Small Debt Court against Messrs Carati for payment of the contents. He led evidence to prove that he became possessed of the order iti a legitimate and proper manner, and, that so far as he (Boag) was concerned, the transaction was a fair and bona fide on''.
The learned Judge, however, found that any document granted for stolen property is entirely and dismissed the action. Shopkeepers and the public generally ought to take heed how they interfere with orders, however respectable the granters of them may be. Glayoic Courier. Melancholy Accident Six Lives Lost On the afternoon of Thursday, the 19th July, a boat belonging to the Rev. Mr Finlayson, clergyman of the Free Church at Lochs, island of Lewis, went out on a fishing excursion.
There were on board of the boat Donald and Robert Finlayson, sons of the rev gentleman, Donald Macauley, son of Captain Macauley, Stornoway, and three other young men belonging to Luerbost, Lochs. On Thursday evening the boat not arriving, some alarm was naturally exci ed and a strict search was made, when, melancholy to relate the boat was found bottom up, on an island called Tava near the Bisken Isles, with the sheet of the lug sail made This had been cut by some one on board, seemingly at the last moment, near to the earing of the sail, but too late to save the young men. On Saturday four of the bodies were found three of them near to the place where it is supposed the boat was upset viz. Mr Fmlayson's son (the youngest of the two on board), and two of the other young men The body of Mr Fmlayson's eldest son was found at the rock where the boat had struck, and it appeared when the boat had upset, he had got on her bottom, as his boots were off, and he had evidently made a struggle for his life, his hands being scratched aud bruised seemingly in his attempt to get up the steep rock of the island. This vountr man was seventeen years of age, had been at college, and distinguished himself there.
Captain Macau iey's son (who was only eleven years oi age, aim wuose oooy was found on Monday, and brought to was a fine spirited lad, and every promise of being a comfort to big parents he was admired and loved by all who knew him In fact this is one of the most lamentable accidents that has occurred in this island for many years, and has caused mourning amongst a large circle of the relations and frisnds of these promising, but unfortunate young men. Inverness Court r. Preparations for the Queen's Visit Glasgow. We understand that it is intended by the authorities to erect a grand stand, capable of accommodating about 1 500 persons, at the foot of West Street1 immediately opposite to where her Majesty will land on the occasion of her visit to Olasf-ow, and that a series of balconies are to be built alon" the entire line of the sheds on the south side of the river3 from West Street up to Glasgow Bridge, so as to afford the" citizens an opportunity of seeing their Sovereign. Dexterous Theft.
On Monday afternoon, there was stolen Irom the shop-windowof Mr Aitken, jeweller, Glasgow a gold curb chain, in a peculiarly dexterous and rather ingenious manner. It would appear that the thief, who has not, as yet, been detected, inserted into the bolt hole of the window a wire, slightly hooked at the end, with which he succeeded in catching hold of the curb chain that was hanging inside, and drawing it out without occasioning the slightest alarm to the parties who were in the shop. We understand that thefts perpetrated in a similar manner were at one time very common in the city, but latterly, until the above attempt, they have never been beard of. The Doliee suspect that some party, who formerly was apprehended and convicted for thefts of this nature, is again at large, and pursuing his old trade. Lavkiestun Free Church.
Rev. Jambs Macbeth's The church over which this minister presides, greatiy to the satisfaction of his hearers, observed the ordinance of the Supper last Lord's day. As is common to the Free Church Mr M. invited two of his brethren in the Presbytery to assisj in the extra services on this solemn occasion however this they refused to do. He would have been assisted by brethren in the neighbourhood, but they were either from home or so engaged as to render that impossible and so he had to discharge all duties of the communion service himself.
He was, assisted, however, in preparatory services, on the evenings of Wednesday and Friday, by two English brethren, and on Monday evening by the Rev. Timothy East of Birmingham. me conuuet ot ne two brethren referred to, evinces to a large portion of the Glasgow public that what was believed the time concerning Mr Macbeth's trial, was very near the truth, that a combination had been formed in the Presbytery against him. The two ministers were invited to preach the gospel of saints and sinners this they might nave done without compromising any private opinion. The ultimate decision was in his favour, and as the Supreme Court manifest their displeasure when a minority of church members refuse to fall in with the majority, av, in the upon any oi ineir own number who being a minority.
continue thus to kick at their decision, and refuse to be reconciled to their brother. But perhaps this most influential Presbytery is an exception to the rule Christian News, August 2. FREE PRESBYTERY OF GLASGOW. On Wedoesdav an ordinary meeting of this reverend body was held in the Free Presbytery House The Rev. Mr Wilson of Bridgetoo, Moderator.
thesustentation fund. The returns of the collections for ihe Sustentatiou Fund were then presented. Dr Buchanan said that he had a statement to make in reference to this most important fuod which he hoped would make some impression and it was that alreadv, at the end of the first two months of the financial year, it was 523 behind the point at which it had arrived at the close of tbe same two months last year. Now if this went on throughout the year, it would cause a decrease of follv 38UO, and would have the effect of taking about 5 off the income of cbcu oi ineir ministers, the great body of whom were at present so poorly paid. If this 5 were added to the 6 taken off last year, it would issue in the result that, in the course of two years, the ministers of the Church would have their incomes reduced to the extent of n.
Of course this was not the result be expected. He did not need to remind them that the Presbytery, in compliance with an order of the General Assembly, had appointed a committee on tie subject, to consult with the committee of Edinburgh. A communication bad Bccordiugly been transmitted from that committee, in which be thought there weie some important suggestions. In the first place, it was pointed out to those congregations at the bottom of the scale, that unless their con tributions to the fund were increased, it must become a question with the Church whether such congregations can be, consistently with the interests and stability of tbe Church, maintained. There was another class of congregations who, though tbeir contributions were above riO, yet they were not self-supporting.
Oa these the circular urged, in very judicious terras, the honourable ambition of ceasing, as much as possible, to be debtors to the fund. It was also properly observed that tae remarks in the circular would be of little avail, unless they contrive to bring them home to the consciences and understandings of the members and office-bearers of the Church. He would only say farther, that while there were many things that were encouraging in the state of the Chorch, they were not safe so long as this fund was not in a more satisfactory condition. He hoped that the Church would address themselves to this matter feeling the vital importance of it. He believed it was essentia) to the welfare and stability of the Free Church of ocoilauu.
After some remarks from Dr Miller, Dr Larimer, and Mr Bouar, Messrs-Bouar, Burnet, Loriiner, Brown, Nelson, and Geddes, were theu addsd to the comma tee. A FEW PLAIN AND USEFUL INSTRUCTIONS RESPECTING THE TREATMENT OF CHOLERA. BY A PHYSICIAN. The following hints respecting cholera, which have appeared in some of the puulic prints, will prove very valuable Cholera may very often be stopped in its First Stage This is tbe great fact which everybody should bear in iniud and act upon, for the cholera seldom comes ou at once, but always follows some looseness of the bowels. So true is this, that everybody having the bowels in the least deg-ee more open or loose than usual, even though it seems to be a mere slight matter, when the cholera is about, should at once take proper medicine, or go to a medical man.
That which is common to summer weather and goes off is daagerous, and must be stopped at once for if let run on, it may be followed by loss of life. This looseness is the first stage of cholera; it is sometimes, but not always by any means accompanied with pain, and the looseness which is without pain i tbe most dangerous. The first stage can nearly always be cured by medicine, but the second stage which sometimes comes so quickly afterwards that there seems no space between them, is much less under the power of medicine, aud the sick get well rather by being kept alive, and the cholera passing off, than by the power of medicine. Acain, remember the one great and certain fact, cholera can neurit altcays be cured in the first stage. As soou as you are the least uueasy, do uot wait fur pain, but act at once.
If wrong, you can do no harm. If right, you may save your life. Wben the cholera is about, each person should keep medicine by him, or get it on the least siuu of looseness of the bowels. The medicines should be for persons above 14. Confrctiou of Opium.
20 grains, iu pill every hour, for three times. Or this, Compound chalk powder with opium, 10 grains, in piil, every half-hour, for five times. Each person should have an ounce bottle of sal volatile, one teaspoonful of which should be taken in a little warm water every twenty minutes. Children between ten and fourteen, should take half doses, and under ten should take compound chalk powder without opium, in five grain doses, with ten or twenty drops of tincture of catechu in water, every half-hour, for four times. If the least looseness of the bowels come on, or the bowels are more than freely open, medical aid should be got, if possible; till then, the person should goto bed, wrap himself as warm as possible in fitunel oi blankets, put a hot bottle to the feet and pit of the stomach, aud take sal volatile every twenty minutes, and one of the above pills rubbed down iu a little water, or brandy and water, every hour or half-hour.
If persons feel just a little ill, and are unable to leave off work without great loss, they should keep dry, and take the pills at their work. This will stop the looseness very often, but in this case they cannot be too careful, and it is better, even at some loss to stop at home for a short time, than to run any risk. Workpeople away from borne for many hours, or busitd in wet fields, or in uuhealthy places or trades, should carry a box of tpe pills with them. If any pain, or the least looseness of tbe bowels comes on, they should take a pill at once, and call on their doctor as they come home, if he does not live mneh out of the way. If tbe looseness stops with this medicine, the person should stay quiet at boine for a few days, and take a pill morning and evening, and live most' carefully.
It is also right not to go to work agaiu without seriog the doctor. Io this way each one can treat himself, till the medical man come, aud lose no time. These are the best things to do, and not to trust to salt, mustard, brandy, quinine, cajput, oil, naptha, crotoo oil, baths, and medicines mentioned at random in the newspapers, whirh seldom do any good, and very often do harm. In short, it is wrong uot to use the very best means at once. RULES.
1. When cholera is about, bowel complaints, and many other diseases end in it. anil any person with the least looseness of the bowels should at once take proper mediciue, and send to a medical man. 2. Shun staanaut water, cesspools, pigsties, solid or liquid dirt of all kinds, I'uog heap, uncovered, foul, or badly trapped ditches or drains near houses, also houses in dump or low places.
Let no poultry, cattle, cr pigs, come luto the house. 3. All rooms should be wt II aired in the middle of the day, and kept very dry; the curtains and partitions should be removed, aud the rooms should not be crowded, especially if there are any sick everything should be dry and clean the fl-iors should be rubbed dry and not washed, especially if made of brick the bedding and clothes should be placed daily before the fire io winter and spring, and in the sun in summer; fires should be kept often iu bed-tooms. or iu the rooms nrxt to them, and in all houses in cold damp weather. 4.
Avoid wet, cold, and night air, change wet clothes and shoes, keep the feet dry aud warm, and wear flannel or woollen clothes round the stomach and loins. Do not leave your clothes on the grouud when at work, but hang them up in a dry place. 5. Avoid purgative medicine, castor oil, Seidlitz powders salts, colorynth, aloes, and the which many take every now and then, even when they'are well. 6.
Rut plain food, as meat well baked, and not new bread, vith rice, oatmeal, aud a few potatoes, at regular meals and in moderate quantity never drink much of anything, es pecia.ly cold a laige meal is as dangerous as au unwholesome one. Do not fast or go wiihnut food for any lira'. Never eat or drink anjthing which purges. Dn not eat smoked or salted meats, salted ri-h, shell fish, pork, raw, cooked, preserved, or even dried, fruit, rsw or unoid vegetao es, greens, cucumbers, salad, bread badly fermented, or that made without acid and soda, heavy puil- uiugs or picKies. uo not urinK oau water, spirits, cider, perrv, sour or stale beer, lemonade or acid drinks, nor beer or wiue in any quantity.
In short, so far as each one can, be should live in a clean dry place, keep the house aired, warm, and dry keep himself warm and clean, live sparingly on healthy and chitfly solid food, and avoid purgative medicines. Let those who visit the sick keep themselves dry and warm, change their shoes, if wet in any way, on coming home take moderate solid menls, never go long without food, and take wiue, or some weak brandy and water if at all tired. NOTE. Our advertising friends would make their favours still more acceptable by sending them as early as possible on Tuesday, as our largely increased circulation renders our going soon to press a matter of necessity. WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 8, 1849.
The war between Austria and Hungary forms the most important part of the Continental news. It is almost impossible to obtain accurate information as to the movemeuts of the contending parties but there seems to be little doubt that the Austrian and Rus sian forces have been sustaining a succession of defeats from the Hungarian Generals. It is rumoured that these have so disheartened the Russians, that they are hesitating as to involving themselves deeper in a contest from which apparently so little honour or profit is to be gained. T4ie Emperor of Austria, it is also stated, has come forward with proposals of peace highly favourable to the Hungarians. An amicable arrangement of the dispute would unques- uonaoiy sua ue me wisest policy for both parties.
The present leading men in Hungary, however, have so openly avowed their hostility to the sovereignty of the House of Hapsburg, that we are afraid no terms can be proposed by the Austrian Emperor that will prove acceptable to them. The Pope has not yet left Gaeta, although his intention to do so has been frequently announced. There seems a difficulty of adjusting matters at Rome, which stands in the way of his immediate return. Even the French diplomatists are divided amongst themselves as to the terms on which the Pope should resume his temporal power one party being in favour of prescribing limits to lug authority, and the other for his unfettered restoration. This state of matters is not without its effect on the Romans.
Formerly, while they were desirous to throw off the temporal domination of the Pope, they she has had in the legislative business of the bygone Session we arrive at a very curious result. Assuming the accuracy of Mr Hume and in all matters of figures he is received as an authority the legislation of this part of the United Kingdom has occupied just four hours and five minutes of the time of the House of Commons during the past Session No one will say that we have been greedy of legislation. But even of these four hours and five minutes, Scotland would have been quite content to have dispensed with them. They were generally stolen from the small hours" beyond midnight, and were most grudgingly given by the House. Never did a Government make a more melancholyjfigure than the present has done in reference to the legislation of Scotland.
In regard to the whole of it, this may safely be said that it was not wanted by the people, and no wonder therefore that it gave universal dissatisfaction. The present Law Officer for Scotland mistakes the duties of his office entirely. He fancies that he must think for the people of this country which of course implies that they are incapable of thinking for themselves. Now they generally get credit elsewhere for being a shrewd and thinking people: and at all events we will un dertake to answer for them that they will never allow the present Lord Advocate to usurp their prescriptive privilege of thinking for themselves. Scotland stands very much in need of a high political officer such as a Secretary for Scotland, with a seat in the Cabinet, and who, being free from professional engagements, and superior to the influence of place-making, might devote himself to the public business of this portion of the kingdom.
The Sister Island has its Viceroy, and also its Secretary for Ireland. In this way there is always an official person of high standing to whom reference can be made in the affairs connected with the country. Why not have a Secretary for Scotland Until such an office shall be established, we despair of seeing justice done to the legislative business of this country. The Lord Advocate is a barrister in extensive practice, and when in Scotland is generally over head ami ears in his profession. He is better paid for that than for his public duties, and consequently it is not wonderful that he should be but indifferently acquainted with the feelings and opinions of those in this part of the kingdom.
It is probable too that he allows himself to be swayed by inferior people who have selfish ends to serve, and who are more anxious to multiply places than to meet the wishes of the public. We are glad of one thing that the Lord Advocate has announced his intention of not again interfering with any of the obnoxious bills with which his name has been recently associated, and which have been so universally condemned. He would improve his own position, as well as that of the Government with which he is connected, if he would just allow the people of Scotland in future to speak for themselves. PUPILS' PROTECTION BILL. The Lord Advocate has lately roused the indignation of all Scotland, by attempting to force upon the country a set of the most absurd and mischievous pieces of legislation ever propounded.
Although petitions to both Houses of Parliament were poured in from all parts of Scotland, against the obnoxious bills, the learned functionary did not think it worth his while to pay the Insist attention to these representations. He fancied, t'lat as Lord Advocate he might do what he liked with his own and looking upon Scotland as one large Whig borough, and the people of Scotland as incapable of judging what was good for them, he went on slap-dash with his measures, until the Government with which he is connected became utterly ashamed of them. Up to this hour, he has never condescended to state at whose instigation, or for whose benefit his bitch of bills was prepared. If he has any sense of shame, he must be mortified at the unceremonious way in which they have been kicked out of the House of Commons even his own political adherents being among the foremost in condemning them. Of all his schemes, he has only succeeded with one, ami that is a pretty little bit of Whig jobbing, yclept the Pupiis' Protection Bill, for which there is just about as much need as there is for a third wheel to a cart.
We called attention to it several weeks ago, but the public appear to have been so engrossed with the larger and more important measures propounded by Mr Itutherfurtl, as to have lost sight of this small affair. However, it provides three or four snug situations for as many of the Lord Advocate's Whig friends and it saddles the country with so much additional expense, in order to do what t'le Judges of the Court of Session are already wel' paid for doing. It was amusing to see it gravely stated in the House of Lords, at the passing of this bill, that the Judges of the Court of Session were in favour of it. We are not surprised at this, nor would we wonder much if these learned individuals would be well pleased with any other bill which would relieve them of so much work, without relieving them of any part of their salary. There is one thing connected with this bill which must surely have been overlooked by the parties interested.
It provides that all monies belonging to pupils, wherever lodged at present, shall henceforth be deposited in one of the Chartered Banks. In this way it is obvious that the other banking establishments in the country will be deprived of large sums of deposit money, which is at present a profitable source of business to them, and which, in so far as the public are concerned, is as well secured as it could be in a Chartered Bank. Indeed, the security of the former should be greater than that of the latter, in so far as in the one case there is a universal responsibility by the partners, while iu the other the responsibility is limited to the paid-up capital. The only explanation which has been given of this blow aimed at the unchartered Banks is, that certain parties happen to be connected with one of the Chartered Establishments. Be that as it may the country has been caught napping in this instance and the Pupils' Protection Bill will remain a monument of the manner in which the legislative business of Scotland is conducted by her Majesty's present advisers.
Harbour Trust The Report by the Auditor upon the Accounts of the Harbour of Dundee, for the past year, has just been published, and it only justice to Mr Stur-rock, the new Auditor, to say that the accounts were mver presented to the public in a more complete or satisfactory form. There is a minuteness of statement in all he branches of expenditure which we do not recollect of seeing before, and there are variou table annexed to the Report containing much new and valuable information in regard to the financial affairs of the Trust- The present Report is highly satisfactory, and shows that the affairs of this important Trust still continue7 in a flourishing state. It appears that the ordinary revenue for the past year amounted to 23,399 4s 2d, while the ordinary expenditure, including the sum of X'3750 paid into the sinking fund towards the reduction of tbe debt, amounted to Is 9id. And after charging the Trust with certain items of extraordinary expenditure incurred durin the year, there is still shown a decrease of the debt amounting to 3000. The steady operation of the sinking fund is one ot the most satislactory circ*mstance connected with this Trust, and it is this, we have no doubt, which has given so great stability to it as a security.
By means of it, the debt is year by year gradually diminishing, and along with the debt does the burden on the trade tho Port diminish. The flourishing state of the finances wi' also enable the Trustees to effjet a reduction on the inte! rest of the debt, and thus sttfi farther improve the position of the Trust- We are not aware of any public bodv who have conducted their affairs with greater success than th Trustees of the Harbour of Dundee, and every inhab'C tant may justly feel proud both of the Harbour and it management- Flisk Manse, on the 26th ultimo, Mrs isher, ot a daughter. Di ed, on the 8th ultimo, at her house, 89 Biicklpmalr Wynd, Dundee, Janet Spark, relict of the Kt Vr iimbankWiShtn' formerly WaUa Craigie and Died, at Dundee, on the 31st ultimo, Mr David Whvt printer, Advertiser Office. nyte, SrOtal 3ntdlujence. E.
On Thursday last Lyell, surgeon, Tay Street after undergoing a personal examination before the Status Academicus of St Andrews, had conferred degree of Doctor of Medicine. Upon the mander Cook and the Vivid steam packet, Master Commander Smithett. One of the men-of-war sloops proceeded ahec.d of the royal yacht, and the other followed astern, the smaller vessels being stationed on the quarters of the stately Victoria and Albert. The royal squadron got into regular order soon after starting, and proceeded at a very good speed towards the Needles, betokening a fair, happy, and prosperous passage for our beloved Sovereign in this her Majesty's first visit to the Emerald Isle. The Superb, Caplain Pur.
cr II. at Spilhead, signalled the departure from Osborne to the flag-ship at Portsmouth, whence it was telegraphed to the Admiralty. Plymouth, Thursday Night. The Victoria and Albert, with tfco accompanying war steamers, passed some miles outside the Eddystone Lighthouse at dcybreab this morning. By the mail from Falmouth, we learn that tho royal vacht was off that place about five o'elo but a considerable "distance out at sea.
From the circ*mstance of the squadron not putting into Falmouth, it is almost certain that her Majesty had determined to proceed direct to Cork. The distance from Osborne to Falmouth is 200 miles, which was accomplished in little more than thirteen hours by the royal yacht snd in the event of the royal fleet continuing to proceed at the same speed, her Majesty would reach the Cove of Cork by eiht this (Thursday) evening, twelve hours before her expected arrival. ARRIVAL OF HER MAJESTY AT CORK. From the Times Cove, Friday, 4 A.M. Her Majesty and Prince Albert are now in Cove Har bour, to the preat surprise of all here.
The royal squadron was telegraphed off Cove-head Lighthouse yesterday evening about six o'clock, and at ten the Victoria end Albert entered the harbour and anchored beside the Rear-Admiral's ship. the Gauges, i 4 guns; all the ships in the harbour, both merchants and naval, being brilliantly illuminated. Her Majesty's arrival was announced by the firing of euns on the Batteries of Spike Island, snd when the royal yacht hove in sight several largo bonfires were lighted in Trabolgan, the resilience of L. llucue, bsq. M.l.
and other places. Active preparations are being made for the reception of her Majesty in this city, but the proclamation in forms the citizens that the entry procession would not take place till Saturday, and some of the triumphal arches ap peared last evening to be in such a very unfinished state that if the Queen lands in Cork to day, which is more than pro bable, the people may not be so well prepared as they would wish. Up to this moment the royal intentions are not known by any one here. LANDING OF HER MAJESTY AT QUEENSTOWN, LATE COVE. About two o'clock on Friday her Majesty and her Royal Consort descended from the Victoria and Albert into the Fairy, steam tender, and steamed round the harbour amid the roaring of the frigates and the line-of-battle ships, and the artillery stationed on Cambden and Carlisle Forts, Spike island, llaulbowline, and spy lull, and the enthusiastic cheers of the people in the boats and on the shore, which was crowded at every point.
The Royal Navy ships had all their yards manned, and altogether the spectacle was truly splendid. Having arrived opposite the pavilion erected for the reception of her Majesty and Prince Albert, the Fairv stopped, and the members of the Cove Reception Committee went on board the royal tender, and were introduced to her Majesty by Sir George Grey. The deputation of the Cove Yacht Club, headed by the Earl of Mountcashel, were next introduced, and presented an address to the Queen. Her Majesty and the Prince then landed, and entered the pavilion, which was beautifully fitted up. The Queen stood in the centre of the apartment, apparently much gratified at the preparations that had been made for her reception.
Although a handsome throne had been erected, her Majesty remained standing, and bowing to the County Members, she, at the request of the deputation of the town, changed Cove to Queenstown." Her Majesty then re-embarked and proceeded to Cork, amid firing of guns, cheering, LANDING OF THE QUEEN AND PRINCE ALBERT AT CORK. At ten minutes past three o'clock, the Fairy sailed out of the harbour in the direction of the river, being loudly cheered from the crowds who flocked on the margin of either side of the Lee. The Queen and Prince Albert appeared greatly pleased with the scenery presented to their view all along to the Cork Custom House. At Monkstown, Passage, and Blackrock. very handsome banners, with devices suitable to the occasion, were erected, and parties of the artillery were stationed at Blackrock Castle, and other points on the line, to fire salutes.
Arrived at the Custom-House, tier Majesty received the Uity and County Addresses on board the Royal Yacht. A platform, suited to contain an immense number of persons, was erected in the yard of the Custom-House and her Majesty landed amid loud cheering, and waving of handkerchiefs by the ladies, who thronged the front galleries. The Royal party were received by a guard of honour of the Camerontans, the band of the 1 2th Lancers playing the national Antiiem. Having entered the carriages of the Lord-Lieutenant of the County, the Earl of Bandon, the Koyal party drove round the city and through the principal streets, which were lined with military. Handsome tri.
umphal arches were erected in various parts of the citv and splendid banners hung from the windows of the Chamber of Commerce, the Commercial Buildings, the Club Houses ic. as also from several private houses. The route of the procession was densely crowded, and everywhere her Majesty's reception was most enthusiastic, hlie appeared to feel sensibly the respect shown to her by all classes. Having returned to the Custom-IIouse, her Majesty re-embarked and returned to Cove, from whence she started fur Dublin next morning at 2 o'eloek a.m. The public buildings at Cork were illuminated on rriday evening.
PREPARATIONS TO RECEIVE HER MAJESTY IN DUBLIN. His Royal Highness Prince Georgo of Cambridge vis'ted ivingsiown on i uursuny, ana was pieaseu to express himself much gratified by the preparations progress for the reception of her roost gracious Majesty. His Royal Highness was accompanied by Mr James Pim, who explained fully the arrangements. The position was fixed upon for the guard of honour, and other matters of ceremony which the important occasion demands. We extract the following from the Dulliu Evening Post of Saturday The arquis of Breadalbane, her Majesty's Lord Chamberlain, attended by Sir Alexander Campbell, his Lordship's Private Secretary, arrived at the Castle.
The noble Marquis transacted business yesterday at the Castle in his capacity of Lord Chamberlain. His Lordship has taken a temporary residence at Salt-hill, where he will remain during the Queen's visit, when not in attendance upon her Ma During her Majesty's visit to Dublin she has intimated it to be her most gracious pleasure to visit the principal parts of the city. Her Majesty, and as far as she can influence the entire Royal suite, will appear in dresses of Irish manufacture. The Queen's Levee and Drawing Room. It is likely that Wednesday will be fixed for the Levee, and Thursday for the Drawing Room.
Yesterday vast numbers of the nobility, gentry, clergy, attended at the office of I iuaraoeriaiii, in isuorii castle, lo leave the cor dance with the official notification. cards, in ac Dublin, July 31. The of Dublin assembled yesterday, and voted au a.b'ress to his Royal Highness Prince Albert. The subject of i.luininations was introduced, and Mr l.oughman made soma show of opposition, but the uni-v feeling of all parties was against him, and the Lord Mayor announced his determination to issue a proclamation for illuminating the city. Some members of the Council stated that the citizens generally made the ne- cessary preparations lor an illumination in honour of her Majesty's arrival.
Windows in Sackville Street. Several persons residing in this street have been disappointed as to the setting of their windows. In the rirt instance, extravagant priced such as 15 a wind, were demanded, but the scale ha fallen to less than half that figure now, and there are many persons who cannot get customers for their drawing-rooms at even 3 a window. I Baggot Street the highest pries were obtained for window, all of which were let several davs ago, but in Sackville Street (although a better position to witness the procession) the owners of houses held out for large prices, and they now find themselves disappointed, as the first rush of is over, and many persons who could have obtained remunerating prices for their windows. now find themselves without either a tenant or even an offer.
Monster Trains Visit to Perth On Wednesday the streets of Perth exhibited unusual animation and bustle the arrival of two trains, containing from two to three thousand persons, from the north and south. One was from Montrose, by the Midland, and the other from Edinburgh, by the Edinburgh and Northern. In the latter were the members of the St Cuthbert's Gardeners' Society of Edinburgh, who entered the town by Marshall Place and Prince's in the dress of their order, with banners flying, in procession, preceded by the splendid band of the 21st regiment, at present stationed in Edinburgh Castle. On arriving in front of tbe Salutation Hotel, the large concourse broke up into parties, who adjourned to the various inns in the town to partake of refreshments, before setting out to visit the scenery and other attractions in the city and neighbourhood. They again all met at twelve o'clock, and accompanied by the band proceeded in procession to visit the nurseries on the other side of the river, Bell wood, whose proprietor gave them every liberty to perambulate his grounds, Kinnoull Hill with other attractive places, with all which they were very much delighted.
The City Hall and the Churches, and all the other buildings worth seeing, were visited by great numbers i The parties enjoyed a delightful day, the weather being' beautiful, and returned by eveniug trains, highly dcli-hteJ with their jaunt. at IRISH PEAT. CURIOUS DISCOVERY. The following important information regarding this recent an 1 interesting discovery was given in the IIoue of Commons on Friday, and from the attached to the su! ject, we deem it proper to give the following The O'Gorman Mahon wished, he said, to call cttention for a few moments to a subject which would be found to Le of great importance as regarded the development of the resources of Ireland. What he to state he was perfectly certain would be heard with gladness both in Inland and England.
It was. he asserted, one of the most important discoveries that had ever been made, and one that was certain to be of immense advantage. The facts to which he wished to call their attention wire stated in a letter to him from an eminent chemist, and who averred that peat with very trifling expense in manual labour, capable of producing carbonate of ammonia, soda, vinrgar, naphtha, candles, camphine oil, pitch, tar, common oil, and gas. This, he maintained, was one of the greatest discoveries of the age. It appeared from the testimonies of several perrons that the Irish peat was capable of producing oil of a superior quality quite equal to spermaceti.
That which at present cost from to 'J5 a-ton, the manufacturers of this country could now have for 40 a-ton the iodine, which now cost 1 7, could be procured fur and an equal reduction effected in other ariieles. And now, a proof of the accuracy of these assertions, lie produeed a spermaceti-candle made from an Irish sod of turf. (The hon. number here called attention to a candle which was on the tabic, and which was taken up and examined by Mr Fox M.iule, and then handed round to Lord John Russell and other members of the ministry.) He bad the guarantee of Mr Owen as to this fact, and Mr Owen was an Englishman of unimpeachable veracity and so certain was he of the truth of that genllemau's word, that he had no hesitation in saying that he staked bis Word of honour on tl truth of Mr Owen's assertion, that in the candle then before them there was no foreign material. When there were several million acres of peat in Ireland, he thought this discovery of the very greatest importance He now appealed to the noble Lord (Ashley) nar him, as to the character of Mr Owen, and the trust that ought to be placed in any assertion made by him.
Lord Ashley, being so appealed to by the hon. member, said, that as to the gentleman, Mr Owen, he gave his full testimony that a more high-minded or a more religious man he never had the good fortune to know. (Hear.) He as one whose friendship he had enjoyed for many years, and a man more incapable of making an exaggerated statement he did not know. (Hear.) The hon. gentleman had told him it was his intention to appeal to him with respect to his knowledge of Mr Owen, and he (Lord Ashley), in order that he might he quite sure of the facts, requested Mr Owen to call upon him that morning, and he then took down in writing what that gentleman had to state on this subject.
That statement, he admitted, was one which must appear almost incredible. (Hear.) But what he said, they must bear in mind, was not a theory, but was the result of ex-periments actually made. The things which Mr Owen spoke had now been in operation more than twelve months. This gentleman had invested a large capital in them, and had obtained considerable returns from them. here sought to obtain nothing from the country all his desire was that profitable investment of money might be made in Ireland, and employment thereby promoted.
Hear, hear.) Out of every ton of peats, the cost of which was 5, and 8 more in labour were altogether expended but taking the cost at 20, the results he was now about to state were obtained and they were to remember that what he was going to state was not true upon one hundred tons, hut upon thousands of tons of peatiog, and on which there had been a large expenditure of capital, and on these results Mr Owen staked his character. The results were these Every 1 00 tons of ppat, on which the cost of labour was were found to ctntain 8. value 32 10 21 1 8 value 8 16 COO value 7 10 30 value 7 1 0 Carbon of value 17 10 'Camphine oil. Common oil Cas COO 800 value value value S1 10 These Mr Owrn held forth as th his operations and he added that, when the cleared away, the soil below was found to be to saturated with ammonia as to be invaluable for the purpose of agriculture. Now there could be no doubt that su results had been attained but supposing that only the half of what was slated was true, it was manifest that the greatest benefit must be conferred npon Ireland.
(Hear.) This was not theory; but the result of experiments that had been made. THE PEAT BOG DISCOVERY. To the Editor of the Times. Sir. A correspondent in your paper of this morning has f.ll.
into an error, which may be corrected by a reference to the report of my speech in the House of Commons given in our journal of the 27th of list month. 1 did not in the statement express my own knowledge or of value of Irish peat. 1 simply bore testimony to the higtl chara-ter and respectability of the individual on whse ami. the statement was made. I am.
Sir, your very obedient servant, Asiilev. August 2. To the Editor of the Times. SR, WiS reference to tho report in your paper of Sa turday last, of a statement made in the 11. use of Common: on the previous evening on the subject of Mr Reecos pa ent for obtaining various products from Irish peat.
I request permission to make one or two corrections, in order that the public may be under no misapprehension as the facts The two chief errors in the statement, and wh it I am anxi-ous to see right, are first, that I had invested a large ca-ritalinthe undertaking -had already had a profitable return secondly, as to the quantity of tons of peat which had been applied to the purpose during the past twelve months. The fact, however, is, that the experiments have hitherto been made on only a small scale one is now in progress in the neighbourhood of London, for the satisfaction of the who have associated themselves with me for the purpose of carrying on the undertaking the whole has not hitherto exceeded 25 tons no profitable return has b.en at present rece.ved and the whole money which is betn ex-pended does not exceed 1000. I am, Sir, your very obedient servant, W. D. Owen 44 Great Coram Street, August 2.
THE IRISH BOGS. A correspondent of the Times contradicts the statement made in the House of Commons on Friday, that the peat bog of Iroland, 100 tons, at a eostof16 will a' Be ti the fortunate speculators the enormous sum of 91 odd. no says three years since a comp my was formed here (Plymouth) among the merchants and ir ible clieuiist, the relative of the great Drew, who wrote the" Im mortality ot tne HOW," was manager under six able directors they leased the Government premises on Dartmoor, which were formerly occupied as and termed the French prisons they erected steam engines and laid out every apparatus considered necessary with train railways running across Dartmoor to the different bogs, where this peat could lie had in the greatest perfection they produced from it naphtha, ammonia, grease for railways, or candles, gas, It was burnt and used, and the profits were held at as being equal to the statement, for his products are correct. But, some how or other, it is a failure. 20,000 and upwards have been expended; my brother tradesmen, right an I left have suffered.
Your correspondent here, or will furnish yon, if worth your attention, with all particulars in fig-ires, and the cause of failure." (From the Xorthem Whig.) A statement made on Friday night in the House of Commons by O'Gurrnan Mahon, and endorsed in part by Lord Ahley, presents such a picture of latent and easily available Ir wealth, that we almost fear lest a rush be made upon the bog of Ireland, like that upon the diggings" of Cal -fornia. Indeed, Lord Ashley appears to entertain the notion that one hundred thousand acres of Irish peat" are more valuable than all the Californian auriferous region As the experiments of Mr Owen are in progress within a core of miles or so of Belfast, it may be expected that we should say something respecting the splendid picture which Gorman Mahon and Lord Ashley have presented to us We must say, then, that we greatly fear the statement is calculated to excite expectations that will not be realised. If the case were otherwise, there would not be the slightest need to have the discovery noticed as it has been. Let Mr uwengoonto make Ins fortune, nothing more need be doue. No puff will be required to attract capital and enterprise to our bogs.
The secret will soon be spread; and many will speedily hasten to work the rich peat mine. What has been stated in the House of Commons has been already, for a considerable time, before the public, who still remain rather incredulous. The way to convince them is that Mr Owen should go on accumulating riches more securely than King Hudson, and almost as rapidly. That will be enough. That the valuable elements stated have been derived irom the peat, there is no reason to doubt but that the profits are, or are likely to be, so large, is the point upon which we confess ourselves to be sceptical.
Most happy shall we be to have our doubts dispelled but we confess that they are rather increased than the contrary, by the pains which fire taken to convince the world that any man of capital may almost dig riches out of our dreary bogs. If we had heard that Mr Owen was keeping dark" on tbe subject, we would incline to think that there was more it. true, saving, and holy. But this religion, which is none other than faith in Christ, bg which we are justi fied before God, and forgiocn all our sins, can well suit without bishops and priests. This religion of faith, professed by many persons in all parts of the world, constitutes that invisible Church of believers which is universal, whose Head, and Pontiff, and Priest is and can only be Jesus Christ." And after referring to the Churches that have no Bishops, they continue Then it is possible to be good Christians, and to form a visible national Church on such a model, witnout having any Bishop to interfere with it.
At all events, you cannot deny that a Church may, for just reasons, change her Bishops. Would you think it absurd, then, or contrary lo the gospel of Jesus Christ, thut the people of Rome, who are strictly the Roman Church, should repudiate you, an apostate, treacherous, anil bombarding Bishop, and choose for themselves another faithful, truthful, and benefi cent 1 his is certainly strong language, and ex presses forcibly the opinion of the Romans in refer ence to the conduct of the present Pope. Speaking of the possibility of his return, surrounded by tens of thousands of bayonets," they ask What would you find in Rome A people who could love you C0: A people who would serve you faithfully No. What would you find in Rome? A desert the city which has so disowned you as a Prince, and so hated the whole race of Popes, that she will never receive laws from you, nor obey you Such a feel ing on the part of the Roman people and embittered farther as that feeling has been by the intolerabl tyranny of the French augurs ill for the restoration of either the temporal or spiritual authority of the Pope. Public attention is now turned to the Queen's visit to Ireland, and the accounts of her reception which have already reached this country lead to the belief that there will be no lack of loyalty on the part of he lush subjects.
From the first announcement of Her Majesty's intention to honour Ireland with a visit there has been the most unbounded enthusiasm dis played in all the preparations made for her reception Whatever may be the faults of the Irish character there is a warmth and cordiality about their manifej tations of kindness which cannot fail to please even Royal recipient. The Queen's present visit, however must be regarded as something different from a mere summer excursion. She goes to visit for the first time an important part of the United Kingdom which has been long rent by internal dissensions. She goes to assure them of the interest she lakes in their wel fare, and to encourage them iu adopting those mea sures of peaceful and persevering industry which can alone rescue Ireland from its miseries. It remains to be seen how far the Royal visit will answer its great designs.
There seems at present a favourable turning point in the history of Ireland, and we sincerely trus that the tide in its affairs may lead on to fortune. THE PAST SESSION. Lord Joiin Russell has to thank his stars and uooert reel that he has got over another Session. At its commencement there was a very general impres sion that the present Government would not stand many months. Having nothing more than a mi nority in the House of Commons, and subsistin .1 CP.
uijuu me Minerance oi us political opponents it is not wonderful that such an impression should have prevailed. Tbe tri-partite division of parties in Parliament and in the country is the sole cause of Lord John's official longevity, and so long as that division continues there is no saying what may be the term of his tenure of office. Throughout the bygone Session Sir Robert Peel and his political adherents have generally supported the leading measures of the present Government, and although the adhesion of some of the members of Sir Robert's Cabinet has been far from cordial or uniform, still the influence of their chief has neutralized any latent opposition on the part of his followers. It is not likely, however, that this state of matters will long continue. It may suit the matured ambition of Sir Robert Peel, at the close of au extended career of political power, to retire from the active discharge of public duty, and to play the part of a Nestor to his former political rivals.
But it is too much to expect that the young and ardent members of the party are to be restrained from all further exertion in the great political arena, merely because their late leader has become satiated with the sweets of office. The most of them have done little more than just enter upon political life, and their thirst for fame and distinction must just be as intense as his was thirty or forty years ago. If, therefore, Sir Robert Peel is to cast in his lot with the party to wiium ue nas uirougn nte been opposed, he must not expect that his former followers are still to adhere to lam. No doubt, some of their public measures they are committed to views and principles similar to those adopted by the party now in power but these form but a small portion of their political creed. In their foreign policy, for instance, the present Govern ment have not had a more determined or more formidable opponent during the past Session than the Earl of Aberdeen, who formed one of the leadin-members of Sir Robert Peel's Cabinet.
On the other hantl, Sir James Graham has been almost ui iforraly found supporting the measures of Lord John Russell, and from this it is still thought likely that a place will be found for him in the present Government. The other great section of the Conservative party which now ranges itself iu the House of Commons under Mr D'Israeli, forms a minority on all questions in which it is not joined by Sir Robert Peel's party In this way, its opposition, although conducted with great energy and talent duringthe past Session, has not been productive of much practical result. Still as an opposition it is importaut, and renders good service to the country. Occasionally there have been indications recently of an approximation betwixt this powerful party and the junior members of the Peel party, and sooner or later there is little doubt that their differences will be healed up and former friendships renewed and consolidated. Among the measures of the Session just brought to a close the only one worthy of mention is that for the repeal of the Navigation Laws.
On that measure we expressed our opinion at the time, and nothing has yet occurred to lead us to an alteration of it. Judg ing from the language employed in the Queen's Speech the other day, the concocters of that address have no great confidence in their pet measure. They make Her Majesty say that she had given her assent to the measure in full confidence that the enterprise, skill, and hardihood of her people will ensure to them a full share of the commerrp nf ullUj aua maintain upon the seas the ancient renown of this nation." We do not recollect of reading anything more lame and impotent than this in defence of a radical change in one of the fundamental principles of the Constitution. And what, we should like to know, has the hardihood of Her Majesty's people to do with a repeal of the Navigation Laws? If it had been in reference to California we could have seen some meaning in a reliance upon the hardihood" of the people engaged in the diggings" for securing considerable lumps of gold, in the great scramble now going on in that quarter. But something more than hardihood" will be necessary to make up for the want of that protection which British shipowners have heretofore enjoyed.
The allusion to "the ancient renown of the nation" is about as namby pamby an affair as we remember to have met with even in Royal Speeches. iT)i2 Total, Corresponding week last.
